Case Relationships

Definitions used in determining treatment types for crosslinks between cases.

• Affirmed Meaning: Decision of lower court confirmed by appellate court
• Applied Meaning: Previous case/dicta/judgment applied to circumstances before Justices in present case
• Approved Meaning: Previous case in inferior court approved as correct
• Cited Meaning: Name and citation of case given
• Considered Meaning: Case/dicta/judgment in previous case considered in judgment by Court in current case
• Disapproved Meaning: Case/dicta/judgment held to be invalid/no longer recognised as good law/doubted
• Distinguished Meaning: Previous caseÂ’s facts materially different to case at hand and therefore not applicable
• Followed Meaning: Past case decided by similar or superior court accepted/taken as established point of law
• Not Applied Meaning: Case/dicta/judgment not applied
• Not Followed Meaning: Previous case decided by similar court not accepted
• Overruled Meaning: Decision of previous case in inferior court held to be incorrect and no longer valid
• Referred To Meaning: Court refers to specific case in which relevant issue considered/decided
• Relied Upon Meaning: Decision of previous case used to explain/clarify fact in issue before court in present case
• Reversed Meaning: Decision of lower court in current case reversed